Factors That Influence Your Irrigation Method
With several forms of irrigation, it can be difficult to find the best option for your land characteristics and plants. Focusing on specific factors will make it easier to choose the right approach and produce healthy plants
Land Features
A major influence will be whether the land is flat or slopes in any way. Not only will certain irrigation methods not work, but you also have to consider how the slope affects what you plant and the amount of water different areas will receive. If you have flat land and are growing plants that require significant amounts of water, surface irrigation might work for your needs. When you use surface irrigation, you essentially allow the water to pool around the plants and absorb over time. Of course, land that slopes will cause the water to run off. Similarly, if your land is at the bottom of a slope, such as the base of a hill or mountain, you need to be concerned about how much natural water will end up on your land. You will likely want to use sprinkler irrigation so you can have more control over the amount of water you use and water less during wetter times.
Soil Types
Soil type is also a major factor. It is a misconception that plants cannot grow in clay or sandy soils. Although these soil types reduce the variety of plants you can grow, some plants can grow in these conditions. For example, some root vegetables can grow in sandy soil. Sand has its own nuisances that will affect the irrigation system you need. Sandy soils are one of the best in terms of drainage, but this feature prevents the soil from retaining water. In this instance, a drip irrigation system will work best, because you are giving plants a constant supply of water to replace the water that has drained away. Drip irrigation is a better approach for harder soil types. Water will not soak into hard soil as quickly, so most of it becomes run-off. Giving plants a little water at a time will allow hard soil to absorb the water.
Climate
Your general climate will influence your irrigation system. Some people may decide to have more than one irrigation system available and use the one that works best at any given time. When in doubt, sprinkler irrigation will be the best all-around option. Very hot and/or dry climates should go with an irrigation system that allows water to absorb slowly so it doesn't simply evaporate before reaching the roots. In oppressive heat, plants should be watered after sunset to further reduce evaporation. Colder climates can be tricky, especially if you frequently have below-freezing temperatures. You will want to water plants during daylight hours to minimize freezing. A subsurface irrigation system might work well. If plants can be watered underground, there is less chance of the water freezing.
Several factors will influence the irrigation system that works best for your plants. You may want to try different approaches at different times of the year to keep your plants healthy.
For more info, contact a local company like The Irrigator.